Maximal admissible mode decision delay in terminal guidance

Mode decision-maker is a critical component in the logic-based Integrated Estimation and Guidance(IEG) system. For the best possible estimation and guidance performance, the mode decision delay of the mode decision-maker should be limited to a range as small as possible. This paper presents a numerical method for computing the maximal admissible mode decision delay that varies with time-to-go. Particular attention has been paid to highly maneuvering target interception in terminal guidance. The results of this research offer useful guidelines for the design of the mode decision-maker in IEG systems.     

一种圆锥运动条件下的等效旋转矢量算法研究

传统旋转矢量姿态算法一般采用陀螺的角增量信号来构造积分算法,当应用于输出为角速率的光纤陀螺捷联系统时,通过角速率提取角增量,算法会损失一定精度。提出了一种以陀螺角速率信号与角增量信号同时作为输入的改进旋转矢量姿态算法,进一步补偿了圆锥误差,提高了计算精度。仿真结果表明,该算法与传统二子样算法相比较,计算量相当,姿态精度、速度精度、位置精度有大幅度的提升。     

可靠性设计优化的球空间设计法

可靠性设计优化（RBDO）在航空航天等领域已经被广泛应用，具有显著提高可靠性的效果；然而它包含两个迭代循环-总体优化循环和可靠性分析循环，双循环求解方法效率低下甚至难以承受。本文提出一种可以提高可靠性设计优化求解效率的方法-球空间设计法，该方法可以方便地表达搜索区域，最大可能失效点可以从极值点处精确获取；同时，该方法可以将总体优化以及可靠性分析同步进行。本文所提出的球空间法的有效性将通过2个算例进行测试，测试结果表明该方法不仅精度与同类方法持平，求解效率有明显提升，它将会对提高航空航天装备如卫星、火箭、飞行器等产品的可靠性提供更为有效的方法和技术支持。     

运载火箭主动段自适应增广控制

针对运载火箭上升段在复杂飞行环境、大不确定性干扰和振动等因素的影响下，传统PID控制方法难以满足高品质控制需求的问题，进行了自适应增广控制(AAC)方法研究，以实现对运载火箭姿态的精确控制。在深入分析自适应增广控制系统整体构架的基础上，通过标称PID控制器设计与基于粒子群优化(PSO)的数字滤波器设计实现了刚体控制及对弹性振动的抑制；继而针对大范围干扰、不确定性和由于滤波器切换产生的弹性振动影响，设计了在线调整算法自适应调节PID控制增益，并对其工作机理与参数设计原则进行研究；然后设计干扰补偿回路和主动减载回路以减小内外扰动、弹性振动和风载荷影响；最后在弹性振动、风干扰和参数不确定性等因素同时作用的状态下进行仿真分析，验证了自适应增广控制系统能够有效应对运载火箭主动段复杂飞行环境的影响，大幅度提升综合控制性能，具有理论研究意义与工程应用价值。     

An innovative approach for integrated airline network and aircraft family optimization

The determination of optimal aerial transport networks and their associated flight frequencies is crucial for the strategic planning of airlines, as well as for carrying out market research, to establish target markets, and for aircraft and crew rostering. In addition, optimum airplane types for the selected networks are crucial to improve revenue and to provide reduced operating costs. The present study proposes an innovative approach to determine the optimal aerial transport network simultaneously with the determination of the optimum fleet for that network, composed of three types of airplanes (network and vehicle integrated design). The network profit is maximized. The passenger’s demands between the airports are determined via a gravitational model. An embedded linear programming solution is responsible for obtaining potential optimal network configurations. The optimum fleet combination is determined from a database of candidate aircraft designs via genetic algorithm. A truly realistic airplane representation is made possible thanks to accurate surrogate models for engine and aerodynamics is adopted. An accurate engine deck encompassing a compression map and an innovative engine weight calculation besides an aerodynamical artificial neural network module enable a high degree of accuracy for the mission analysis. The proposed methodology is applied to obtain the optimum network comprised of twenty main Brazilian airports and corresponding fleet.     

Six sigma robust design optimization for thermal protection system of hypersonic vehicles based on successive response surface method

Lightweight design is important for the Thermal Protection System(TPS) of hypersonic vehicles in that it protects the inner structure from severe heating environment. However, due to the existence of uncertainties in material properties and geometry, it is imperative to incorporate uncertainty analysis into the design optimization to obtain reliable results. In this paper, a six sigma robust design optimization based on Successive Response Surface Method(SRSM) is established for the TPS to improve the reliability and robustness with considering the uncertainties. The uncertain parameters related to material properties and thicknesses of insulation layers are considered and characterized by random variables following normal distributions. By employing SRSM, the values of objective function and constraints are approximated by the response surfaces to reduce computational cost. The optimization is an iterative process with response surfaces updating to find the true optimal solution. The optimization of the nose cone of hypersonic vehicle cabin is provided as an example to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.     

The adjusted optical properties for Galileo/BeiDou-2/QZS-1 satellites and initial results on BeiDou-3e and QZS-2 satellites

Solar Radiation Pressure (SRP) is the dominant non-gravitational perturbation for GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) satellites. In the absence of precise surface models, the Empirical CODE Orbit Models (ECOM, ECOM2) are widely used in GNSS satellite orbit determination. Based on previous studies, the use of an a priori box-wing model enhances the ECOM model, especially if the spacecraft is a stretched body satellite. However, so far not all the GNSS system providers have published their metadata. To ensure a precise use of the a priori box-wing model, we estimate the optical parameters of all the Galileo, BeiDou-2, and QZS-1 (Quasi Zenith Satellite System) satellites based on the physical processes from SRP to acceleration. Validation using orbit prediction proves that the adjusted parameters of Galileo and QZS-1 satellites exhibit almost the same performance as the corresponding published and “best guess” values. Whereas, the estimated parameters of BeiDou-2 satellites demonstrate an improvement of more than 60% over the initial “guess” values. The resulting optical parameters of all the satellites are introduced into an a priori box-wing model, which is jointly used with ECOM and ECOM2 model in the orbit determination. Results show that the pure ECOM2 model exhibits better performance than the pure ECOM model for Galileo, BeiDou-2 GEO and QZS-1 orbits. Combined with the a priori box-wing model the ECOM model (ECOM+BW) results in the best Galileo, BeiDou-2 GEO and QZS-1 orbits. The standard deviation (STD) of satellite laser ranging residuals reduce by about 20% and 5% with respect to the pure ECOM2 model for Galileo and BeiDou-2 GEO orbits, while the reductions are about 40% and 60% for QZS-1 orbits in yaw-steering and orbit-normal mode respectively. BeiDou-2 IGSO and MEO satellite orbits do not benefit much from the a priori box-wing model. In summary, we suggest setting up a unified SRP model of ECOM+BW for Galileo, QZS-1, and BeiDou-2 orbits based on the adjusted metadata. In addition, we estimate the optical parameters of BeiDou-3e and QZS-2 satellites using a limited number of tracking stations. Results regarding the unified SRP model indicate the same advantages, the STD of satellite laser ranging residuals reduces by about 30% and 20% for QZS-2 and BeiDou-3e orbits respectively over orbit products without a priori model. The estimation procedure is effective and easy to apply to the new emerging satellites in the future.     

一种开关磁阻电机无位置传感器控制效率优化策略

针对开关磁阻电机(SRM)的简化磁链法只能实现单相导通运行且导通区间固定的缺点,提出了一种结合固定关断角和自适应调节开通角的无位置传感器控制技术。利用曲线拟合关断位置磁链取代传统存储数据表,通过对比实时计算的动态磁链和曲线拟合的静态磁链,确定关断位置信号并估计转速和其他位置。考虑电机阻抗和电感的非线性特点,优化电感最小区域的开通角自调节模型确定导通区间。仿真结果验证了该方案的可行性和正确性,能够实现转子位置的间接检测,电机的运行效率得到进一步优化。     

Comparison of observed ionospheric vertical TEC over the sea in Indian region with IRI-2016 model

The vertical ionospheric TEC values obtained from GAGAN grid based ionospheric delay correction values over the sea in the Indian equatorial region have been compared with the corresponding values derived from the International Reference Ionosphere model, IRI-2016. The objective of this work is to study the deviation of the vertical TEC derived from the IRI model from ground truths over the sea for different conditions. This will serve the basic intention of assessing the candidature of the IRI model as an alternative ionospheric correction model in navigation receivers in terms of accuracy. We have chosen different solar activity periods, seasons, geomagnetic conditions, locations etc. for our comparison and analysis. The TEC values by the IRI-2016 were compared with the actual measured values for the given conditions and errors were obtained. The measured vertical TEC values at the ionospheric grid points were derived from the GAGAN broadcast ionospheric delay data and used as reference. The IRI model with standard internal functions was used in estimating the TEC at the same ionospheric grid points. The errors in the model derived values are statistically analysed. Broadly, the results show that, for the Indian sector over the sea, the IRI model performs better on quiet days in off equatorial regions, particularly in the northern region. The overall performance degrades for other conditions with the model generally underestimating the true TEC values and most severely in the equatorial region. The performance is worst in this region for the disturbed days of the equinoctial period. The comparison study is also done with the TEC data measured directly by dual frequency GPS receivers. The results were found to be in general agreement with those obtained by comparing the model with GAGAN broadcast data as reference. This study will be useful in considering the IRI-2016 model for real time estimates of TEC as an alternative to the current parametric model in a satellite navigation receiver in absence of other options.     

航空发动机双转子系统“临界跟随”现象的机理及影响

为了探明“临界跟随”现象导致航空发动机振动居高不下的产生机理,建立了考虑中介轴承的双转子动力学模型,推导了双转子发生“临界跟随”现象时参数之间的关系,分析了“临界跟随”状态下转子系统的动力学特性。结果表明:“临界跟随”现象会导致转子系统无法越过盘偏摆振型临界转速,造成转子振动对不平衡质量分布极其敏感,其主要影响因素为盘极转动惯量与直径转动惯量的比值(简称惯量比)以及双转子增速比；当高压盘等效惯量比等于1,或增速比与任意低压盘惯量比相等时,转子系统表现出高压激励条件下的“临界跟随”特征；当低压盘惯量比等于1,或增速比与高压盘等效惯量比的乘积等于1时,转子系统表现出低压激励条件下的“临界跟随”特征。提出了必须严格控制航空发动机叶盘的等效惯量比以及双转子转速控制律的设计建议。